Summary of 13 Chapters of Belize - 5562 Words

This is a summary of the 13 chapters of a history of Belize by Assad Shoman. It entails tables, maps and boxes, acknowledgments, foreword, introduction, map of Belize, then the thirteen chapters, notes, bibliography and index. It has 323 pages, 13 pictures, 16 tables, 3 maps, and 3 boxes. Assad shoman’s engaging about the social, political and economic history of Belize compelling relates the rich history of the peoples of Belize to the present condition in which the country finds itself. He scrutinizes some of the most culturally and politically sensitive aspects of Belize’s history, without flinching and with a passionate viewpoint. Assad not only presents us with the historical data, but offers us some explanation and interpretation of†¦show more content†¦These included Treaty of Paris (1763), when the logwood cutters were recognized and Treaty of Versailles (1783), when the rights of the logwood cutters were recognized and limits were defined. Most of the cutters congregated in what became Belize as a result of the Convention of London, as a result of the cries of the cutters about the limits defined previously, there request for an extension of the limits was adhered to under the condition that the Mosquito Coast be evacuated. The right t o cut Mahogany was also included since Logwood was eventually replaced by Mahogany, which was and is prized in making high end furniture. Harvesting and cutting of logwood did not require the British settlers to penetrate too far inland, however as the logwood era transferred to mahogany it became necessary to venture inland, where the woodcutters came in contact with the Mayas who the British believed were claiming their territory. In the beginning, the British believed that the Mayas were no threat but as they moved further into the nesting of the Mayas, they realized that they had underestimated the Mayas and sought for help in their claim to the land eventually driving the Mayas more inland, not understandably without struggle and death on both sides, the Mayas fighting to keep their home and the British fighting to make their profit. Chapter 3 The main focus of thisShow MoreRelatedDecolonization Of The British Empire6038 Words   |  25 PagesDecolonization in the British Empi re is a deliberate process involving the colonial power and emerging local elite. The discussions in Chapters 1 and 2 provide insights into colonial development and the pre-independence environment which provide context for answering the research questions and testing the hypotheses. This chapter examines the first question- why do some newly sovereign states retain ties with the JCPC? 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Those states averaged 214 years of colonial rule. Twenty states, averaging 70 years of colonial rule, abolished appeals to the JCPC at independence. Seventeen states retained ties with the JCPC for a period ofRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesregistered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation used herein under license. Macintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, Jesse and Luke Smidt, who bet I wouldn’t put their names in this book. R. P. ââ€"   To my wife, Sally, and my daughter, Anna C. O. ââ€"   To Carol, Allie, and Teri. J. 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Music Vs. Classical Music - 916 Words

Classical Music How often do you listen to music while you’re studying to try to make the task more entertaining? Students regularly listen to music while studying as a way to help them stay engaged in studying (Beentjes, Koolstra, van der Voort, 1996). Well, based on what music you listen to, you may actually be hindering yourself rather than helping. When students listen to classical music while they are studying it has many beneficial effects. It has positive body influences, it activates the left and right hemispheres of the brain, slows heart rate, and lowers blood pressure. Students are always looking for effective ways to study and improve test scores and this is a viable option. With vast research on this topic, we should be using it to inform students instead of keeping them in the dark and leaving them to their own resources. Because research shows that listening to classical music while studying will improve test scores, memory and learning, and a decrease in anxiety, we should e ncourage all students to listen to classical music while they study. When looking at the effects that music has on the body, there is a key aspect that plays into the positivity. Rhythm is an important aspect of music that we study when observing the effects that music has on the body. There are two major types of responses to rhythm. The actual hearing of it, and then the physical response to it (O’Donnell). We have natural rhythm in our body that is necessary to existence. It isShow MoreRelatedClassical Music Vs. Contemporary Music1113 Words   |  5 PagesBy universal, they mean that music exists in every culture. However, the meanings and emotions attached to the music are interpreted differently depending on the listener. People will associate different meanings and feelings with a musical performance based on their cultural upbringing and life experience. When we categorize music, we use terms such as â€Å"classical,† â€Å"folk† or â€Å"popular† to distinguish different types of music. However, using labels is problematic because there can be stereotypingRead MoreClassical Music Vs. Modern Music1001 Words   |  5 Pagesexpression for European and American music, of the more serious kind, as opposed to popular folk music,† is the ‘Classical Music’ definition according to the New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Houghton Mifflin Company). It appears that finding a common description for a musical phenomenon, that’s been around since the Medieval Period, is much easier said than done. I must admit that prior to taking this course, I fell victim to assuming all classical music is dense and contained very little diversityRead MoreModern vs. Classical Music955 Words   |  4 Pagesas it would have felt for people listening to a live symphony during the Classical era, the ability the artis ts, and those involved with them, have with the increase of new technology and business schemes has allowed their base of listeners to be on a global scale for millions, if not yet billions. During the late 17th century to early 19th century, the phenomenon that is the evolution of Liturgical Music had hit the Classical era; extremely skilled artists such as Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn and SchubertRead MoreClassical Vs. Modern Music1409 Words   |  6 PagesClassical vs. Modern Music Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria. He was born to an overbearing and ambitious father, Leopold, who was more than anxious to exploit his son s extraordinary musical gifts. Mozart began composing at an early age, and he began touring around the same time. Throughout his life, Mozart made many enemies, many his own fault, through his naive arrogance and harsh critique of his musical contemporaries. He worked feverishly, composingRead MoreClassical vs. Modern Music Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesClassical vs. Modern Music Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria. He was born to an overbearing and ambitious father, Leopold, who was more than anxious to exploit his sons extraordinary musical gifts. Mozart began composing at an early age, and he began touring around the same time. Throughout his life, Mozart made many enemies, many his own fault, through his naive arrogance and harsh critique of his musical contemporaries. He worked feverishly, composingRead MoreIndian Classical Music Structure And Sets It Apart1900 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferences Indian classical music structure and sets it apart in the world’s classical traditions? Give examples that highlight structural and conceptual differences. (For example the shruthi or the drone – how vital is it, and what is the philosophy behind it?) Indian classical music is one of the oldest forms of music in the world. It is rooted in antiquity, with traces of its origin found in areas such as the ancient religious Vedic hymns, tribal chants, devotional temple music, and folk music. Indian musicRead MoreThe Modern Perceptions of Classical Music Essay example553 Words   |  3 Pageshear the term â€Å"music† they are likely to respond with a fresh singer, band, or genre of â€Å"pop† music. Often times society places their opinion of classical music and popular music on completely different wavelengths of importance in the world. The modern perception of classical vs. popular music has led to a heavily decreasing audience for classical groups and performances, a desire for repetitive and simple melodies, and a negative stigma against classical music’s importance. When music began to becomeRead MoreMozart vs. Beethoven Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesMozart vs. Beethoven Paper 3/21/12 Mozart vs. Beethoven In the 18th century, the middle class made a lot more money. During the Classical Period, the middle class had a tremendous influence on music. They wanted to hear concertos and symphonies. They wanted their children to learn great music and play instruments. The composers began writing music that was geared towards the middle class because they could make a better living if they enjoyed the music being played. They wrote music that wasRead MoreMusic and Personality1230 Words   |  5 PagesMusic and  Personality What Does Your Taste In Music Reveal About Your  Personality? Could the playlists lurking on your iPod really reveal information about your personality? Research conducted by psychologists Jason Rentfrow and Sam Gosling suggests that knowing the type of music you listen to can actually lead to surprisingly accurate predictions about your personality. For example, researchers found that people could make accurate judgments about an individuals levels of extraversionRead MoreEssay about Negative Music and the Effects on Human Behavior1486 Words   |  6 Pagesabout negative music and its effect on human behavior. I will trace the history of this type of music and discuss some studies which point out effects of listening to it. What is negative music? Negative music is music that has a negative effect. One form of negative music is music that is used to express or to stimulate negative emotions. A Viennese classical composer named Arnold Schonberg was the first person to openly create negative music early in the twentieth century. His music was rejected

Watchmen Free Essays

The Mysterious Building My favorite short story was the â€Å"Sonata for Harp and Bicycle† written by Josh Alike. The story was taking place during Halloween In London and about this guy Jason that wants to know why everyone has to leave work by 5 o’clock every night. Only certain people know why. We will write a custom essay sample on Watchmen or any similar topic only for you Order Now MISS Golden (Bernice), a friend of Jason, knows why but can’t tell anyone. One night, Jason went inside the building using the fire escape to see what goes on in the building after dark. Jason went through doors and heard a bell that was ringing quietly and then was silenced. Then Jason heard this person whispering â€Å"Daisy, Daisy† (Ms. Bell). Jason said that he wasn’t Daisy and the voice said he was on private property and he shouldn’t be here. This person was pushing Jason to the fire escape. Jason ran down the fire escape as fast as he could. The next day Miss Golden saw Season’s hair and it was a stippled silver color. Miss Golden asked Jason if he went into the building last night after everyone left. Jason said â€Å"Tell me the true story. † This guy William Heron, the wailing watchmen, had a crush on Ms. Bell. Ms. Bell would each people the harp, and at eleven dock each night they have a picnic supper. One night, the watchman was going to propose to her but she never showed up. Ms. Bell was using a graham bell to wake herself up at ten to meet him and that night the bell failed and she missed meeting William. So MISS Golden and Jason thought they can get the watchmen and Ms. Bell back together because if you see the watchmen you have five days to live. One night they went into the building to get them back together. They woke up Ms. Bell to go meet the watchmen. The watchmen and Ms. Bell got together at last. Miss Golden and Jason Jumped out of the fire escape together. Sonata for Harp and Bicycle† is my favorite short story because of suspense, the setting and symbolism of Ms. Bell and the watchmen. Suspense is one of the literary elements that helped makes this story a little scary. It was suspenseful when everyone had to leave the building by 5 clock pm. I wondered what Jason Is going to find in the building when he went in there after hours. Is Jason going to live for fiv e days after he left the building? A suspenseful moment Is when â€Å"Jason opened a door at random; then another, offices lay everywhere about him, empty and forbidding† (50). Jason thinks he shouldn’t be in there. Everything seemed like people just left but he could still feel a presence of someone there. The setting is another part that is my favorite literary element that helped make this story come to life. The setting was in London during Halloween at night. Jason and Miss Golden went down the fire escape ten minutes before midnight. Then Jason said â€Å"We don’t want our evening to be spoiled by the thought of a curse hanging over us† (56). Jason wants to make sure the curse will not come true. Jason and Miss golden Jumped out of the building so they don’t have to deal with the curse If It ever comes true. Lastly, symbolism Is one of the literary elements that helped make this story unique. The flowers mean love. The harp means Ms. Bell Is around playing/teaching her harp. The bicycle means the watchmen is around somewhere. The watchmen supper every night at eleven† (52). They had a very strong relationship. Whoever you are, you are always unique. Suspense, setting and symbolism of Ms. Bell and the watchmen made â€Å"Sonata for Harp and Bicycle my favorite short story. This story was kind of scary but also a love story. Suspense, setting and symbolism all fit in this story because they all have their important parts. I think Miss Golden and Jason should have lived instead of going down the fire escape. I liked how the watchmen and Ms. Bell had different talents. I also think that the book should have went on and said what the watchmen and Ms. Bell did after the watchmen propose to her. This is my favorite short story because I think it had a lot of different parts when suspense came in so you want to keep on reading. How to cite Watchmen, Papers

Ethical Dilemma and the Application of Ethics- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEthical Dilemma and the Application of Ethics forDilemma. Answer: Introduction Ethics describes the moral code, the duties and the cumulative responsibilities and human behaviors that people engage in under specific situations that warrant human action (Avasthi, A., Ghosh, A., Sarkar, S., Grover, S, 2013) . In the context of scenario two where Justin and Daisy were doctoral students, we can see that the ethical principle of fidelity has been radically infringed. Although the results produced seemed to be adequate and effective, there are very many ethical principles that they have been broken that lead to many more questions. Can the results be reliable despite their inability to follow the ethical principles of fidelity? We are left to wonder what a medical scientist should do when he or she identifies that the research performed does not have any ounce of integrity within it. Should the research be dismissed or not? The participants in this case have also been denied the fundamental principle of autonomy (they participated under duress). Participants should not have been bribed to participate. Body To answer this questions, it is important to consider ethical theories that are appropriate for this case. One of these ethical theory is deontology or formalisms that was postulated by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. Deontology is the ethical theory that mainly considers the intrinsic significance of the act itself as a criteria for determination of good (Mandal, J., Ponnambath, D. K., Parija, S. C, 2016). That means in determining the ethics of this situation (where participants of the research were bribed to offer data), it will be important to consider the motives of the actors or researchers in this case. The virtue theory highlights the importance of considering what a good person would do when faced with the same situation -in this case having unwilling participants (Taylor, 2013). It is important to consider what a good researcher would do in such a case where the participants rejected to participate in the research after a while. Kant established the concept of categorical imperative which illuminates that one should act only if the action is based on a principle that is universal. In this case, this means everyone would act in the same way when faced with a similar situation (Slomka, J., Quill, B., desVignes-Kendrick, M., Lloyd, L. E, 2008). However, in this case of Justin and Daisy (where participants were not willing to participate in the study), it would not be true to say that all the researchers would result to paying participants for them to participate in the research in question. This aspect significantly raises an ethical concern. It shows the extent unto which the researchers have significantly altered and interfered with ethical principles. The principle of autonomy has been significantly infringed by the researchers. Autonomy is associated with the right of self-determination (Owonikoko, 2013). By paying the participants $200, the researchers have clearly interfered with the decision making process and autonomy of the participants -they have participated in the research under duress. Autonomy forms the basis of informed consent within the healthcare system (Varelius, 2006). Patients within health facilities have the right to make an informed decision about their own health, part of that decision will involve obtaining information and appropriate facts which are necessary in-order to make an intelligent and informed decision about their own health care (Nijhawan, L. P., Janodia, M. D., Muddukrishna, B. S., Bhat, K. M., Bairy, K. L., Udupa, N., Musmade, P. B, 2013). However, by interfering with the participants, the integrity of the research is obscured and thus patients may not be receiving correct and relevant informa tion. This aspect affects the overall right of the patients to make appropriate decisions about their health. In addition, the principle of fidelity has been significantly interfered with. Fidelity in itself describes being faithful and keeping promises (Breitenstein, S. M., Gross, D., Garvey, C. A., Hill, C., Fogg, L., Resnick, B, 2010). Fidelity has been interfered with in this case in that the researchers have not been faithful. The researchers have applied their own interests upon the participants and in this regard have interfered with the results (Yip, C., Han, N. L. R., Sng, B. L, 2016). The viewpoint of the research participants have also not been effectively represented in the research. The researchers have also not supported the participants decision to leave the research even if it conflicts with their own interest. They have chosen rather to pay participants which is against the set norm of any research. The researchers have also failed to share with other researchers (and in their own research) about the actual viewpoint of the participants who left the research (Mandal, J., H alder, A., Parija, S. C., 2011). Cumulatively, the principle of veracity has been significantly affected. Veracity in itself illuminates saying the truth, neither lying nor deceiving other people (Iaccarino, 2001). The researchers have deceived the insurance companies, the patients who undergo the Pilates programme, other researchers, among many other members of the health care team. This heightened levels of insincerity can be seen by the way in which they have moved to obtain $200 to pay each of the participants. The overall results of the research can, therefore, not be trusted and are highly insignificant. It is clear to see that informed consent has been severely affected in the research in question. Informed consent is the deliberate process through which the participants or subjects of a research voluntarily confirms his or her willingness to participate or be involved in a particular trial, soon after being informed of all the aspects of the trial or research that are relevant to the client in question. An informed consent must be sought after from the clients within the study. Based on the principles of informed consent, the participants should be informed of their right to refuse to continue in the study in question. However, we can see that this principle was severely breached as the participants were later manipulated to continue with the study. A good study should additionally avoid bias, inappropriate use of research methodology and incorrect reporting and the inappropriate use of information (Resnik, 2002). This research has severely impeded this principle rule of research. Good and well-designed studies should advance medical science and development. On the other hand, poorly conducted research studies violate the principle of justice. In addition, there is time and wastage for the research sponsors in question, the subjects and the researchers such as is seen in the research performed in case two. Fraud is another as aspect which can be clearly seen in the research which is rather uncalled for. The fabrication of and manipulation of data or falsification encompasses a serious misconduct (Yip et al, 2016). Not only does fraud tarnish the name of the researchers if identified, but also acts as a harbor to productivity and achieving of the needed results. Fraud may essentially weakens the accuracy and trust of the research. Fraud also harbors the establishment of evidence based medicine. The Declaration of Helsinki, the Council of International Organizations of Medical Sciences or World Health Organization have specified rules that guide the way incentives have to be administered to research participants (Yip et al, 2016) . Cash or other benefits of any kind should be made know to the participants when they are obtaining the researchers are obtaining consent from the subjects. However, there should not be a lot attention on the particular incentives the incentives should not be seen as the main reason for joining the research (Yip et al, 2016). The benefits or profits should be seen as a form of thanks or appreciation for the time and effort to perform in the study. However, this incentives are subject to Ethical Committee Review at any time (Yip et al, 2016). In this research project performed by Justin and Daisy, we can see that many charters have been broken and ignored. They primarily used the incentives after receiving the clients consent- which is wrong. They a lso did not seek ethical committee review for the actions that they performed. Conversely, it can be seen that the results obtained from the researcher were used and are still being used in the management of patients. It can be seen that some of the elderly patients have benefited from the finding of the research despite the hurdles and fraudulent mechanisms that were used to obtain the results. The Pilates programme proved effective although some of the elderly people soon withdraw from it after a while. This however, does not render the results completely inadequate and raises a conflict between the breach of the principles laid down and the effectiveness of the research and its applicability in the healthcare system. Conclusion Despite the fact that the research did not follow the essential rules and principles of medical research, we see that the results obtained are being used in the management of patients. However, the ethical conflict is still posed, whether it was right for the researchers to obscure truthfulness and in their activities as they did. They used lies and fraud lent means in order to obtain their results. The fact that most participants in their 70 or old age could not continue with the research makes us wonder if it was not appropriate for the incentives to be given after the consent was already given to them earlier on. However, despite this ethical conflicts arising it is clear to see that the outcome of the research was both beneficial and sometimes inadequate. It is highly recommended that this research is submitted to the ethical committee for review so that a decision can be reached as to whether it is appropriate or not. References Avasthi, A., Ghosh, A., Sarkar, S., Grover, S. (2013). Ethics in medical research: General principles with special reference to psychiatry research.Indian journal of psychiatry,55(1), 86. Breitenstein, S. M., Gross, D., Garvey, C. A., Hill, C., Fogg, L., Resnick, B. (2010). Implementation fidelity in community?based interventions.Research in nursing health,33(2), 164-173. Iaccarino, M. (2001). Science and ethics: As research and technology are changing society and the way we live, scientists can no longer claim that science is neutral but must consider the ethical and social aspects of their work.EMBO reports,2(9), 747-750. Mandal, J., Halder, A., Parija, S. C. (2011). Ethics and clinical research.Tropical parasitology,1(2), 54. Mandal, J., Ponnambath, D. K., Parija, S. C. (2016). Utilitarian and deontological ethics in medicine.Tropical parasitology,6(1), 5. Nijhawan, L. P., Janodia, M. D., Muddukrishna, B. S., Bhat, K. M., Bairy, K. L., Udupa, N., Musmade, P. B. (2013). Informed consent: Issues and challenges.Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology research,4(3), 134. Owonikoko, T. K. (2013). Upholding the principles of autonomy, beneficence, and justice in phase I clinical trials.The oncologist,18(3), 242-244. Resnik, D. B. (2002). Exploitation and the ethics of clinical trials.The American Journal of Bioethics,2(2), 28-30. Slomka, J., Quill, B., desVignes-Kendrick, M., Lloyd, L. E. (2008). Professionalism and ethics in the public health curriculum.Public health reports,123(2_suppl), 27-35. Taylor, R. M. (2013). Ethical principles and concepts in medicine. InHandbook of clinical neurology(Vol. 118, pp. 1-9). Elsevier. Varelius, J. (2006). The value of autonomy in medical ethics.Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy,9(3), 377-388. Yip, C., Han, N. L. R., Sng, B. L. (2016). Legal and ethical issues in research.Indian journal of anaesthesia,60(9), 684.